Ser and estar
Two verbs for “to be”, and the rule that actually survives contact with real sentences.
A1
- Ser: conjugation, the five things it is for, and examples
Ser is one of two Spanish verbs meaning "to be". Its present-tense forms, the five jobs it does, and how to build affirmative, negative and question sentences.
- Estar: conjugation, and the four things it is for
Estar is the other Spanish verb meaning "to be". Its present-tense forms, the four things it covers, and the Peruvian expressions built on it.
- Hay, estar, and saying where things are
Hay says something exists; estar says where a specific thing is. The difference, the prepositions of place, and the two ways to ask for directions.
A2
- Ser vs estar: the rule that actually works
Permanent versus temporary is the rule everyone is taught and it fails constantly. Here is the one that holds up, plus the adjectives that change meaning.
B1
- Ser and estar in the past: era, fue, estaba, estuvo
Four past forms for two verbs. Era describes and fue narrates; estaba is the state you were in and estuvo is a stretch that ended.
- Interesado or interesante? The -ado / -ante split
Estoy interesado is about you; es interesante is about the thing. The same split runs through preocupado, emocionado, agotado and a dozen more.