Qué or cuál? Why ¿Qué es tu nombre? is wrong
*Qué* asks for a definition or a completely open answer; *cuál* asks you to pick out information from a set. Before *ser* that split decides everything: *¿Cuál es tu nombre?* asks for your name, while *¿Qué es tu nombre?* asks what a name is. *Cuál* has a plural, *cuáles*; *qué* never changes.
Draft copy. Every claim needs a native-speaker check before publishing — the byline is what makes this citable, so it has to be earned.
The question this page exists for
¿Cuál es tu nombre? — what is your name?
¿Qué es tu nombre? — what is a name?
Both are grammatical. Only one asks what you meant. A Peruvian hearing ¿Qué es tu nombre? will understand you, and will also register that you translated “what” straight across from English.
The same goes for every question of this shape:
- ¿Cuál es tu número? — your phone number
- ¿Cuál es tu dirección? — your address
- ¿Cuál es tu comida favorita? — your favourite food
- ¿Cuál es la capital del Perú? — the capital
All of them are “what” in English. All of them are cuál in Spanish.
The split
Qué asks what something is — a definition, a category, an explanation — or opens the field completely with no set of options in view.
- ¿Qué es un pasaporte? — define it
- ¿Qué haces? — what are you doing, anything at all
- ¿Qué quieres comer? — the whole world of food is available
Cuál asks you to identify or select — to pick a specific thing out, whether the options are spoken aloud or merely understood.
- ¿Cuál prefieres, el café o el jugo? — two options, named
- ¿Cuál es tu película favorita? — one answer out of all the films that exist
- ¿Cuáles son los días de la semana? — the set is fixed, you are naming it
The fact that ¿cuál es tu película favorita? has no visible list is exactly why the rule “cuál is for a list” fails learners. The better test is:
If a native speaker could reasonably answer with a dictionary definition, it is qué. If the only sensible answer is a specific piece of information, it is cuál.
Try it on ¿___ es tu trabajo? A definition of the word “job” is absurd here. So: ¿Cuál es tu trabajo?
Favourites are always cuál
Anything with favorito takes cuál, without exception:
¿Cuál es tu música favorita? · ¿Cuál es su animal favorito? · ¿Cuáles son tus libros favoritos?
Cuál has a plural
Cuál → cuáles. It agrees with the answer, not with anything else in the sentence.
- ¿Cuál es tu libro? — one book expected
- ¿Cuáles son tus libros? — several expected
Qué never changes. ¿Qué libros tienes? whatever the number.
Before a noun
Here Spanish splits by region, and Peru sits on the permissive side.
- ¿Qué libro quieres? — correct everywhere, always safe
- ¿Cuál libro quieres? — normal in Peru and across Latin America, avoided in Spain
Jhoslyn teaches both, because both are what you will hear in Lima. If you want one form you never have to think about, use qué before a noun and save cuál for standing alone or in front of ser. That combination is correct in every Spanish-speaking country.
Try it
Fill each blank with qué, cuál or cuáles:
- ¿___ hora es?
- ¿___ es tu nacionalidad?
- ¿___ es una bodega?
- ¿___ son tus canciones favoritas?
- ¿___ estás bebiendo?
→ 1 qué — a fixed expression, and never cuál · 2 cuál — a piece of information · 3 qué — a definition · 4 cuáles — plural, and a favourite · 5 qué — the field is open.
Next
The rest of the question words, and what the accents on them are doing.
Topics Asking questionsPeruvian Spanish
Qué or cuál?
Seven questions where English what gives you no help at all. The split is definition against information.
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1What is your name?
Answer
¿Cuál es tu nombre? — You want a piece of information, not a definition, so *cuál*. *¿Qué es tu nombre?* asks what the word “name” means.
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2¿___ es un pasaporte?
Answer
Qué — This one really does want a definition, so *qué*. It is the mirror image of *¿cuál es tu nombre?*
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3¿___ son tus canciones favoritas?
Answer
Cuáles — Favourites always take *cuál*, and here the answer is plural, so *cuáles*. *Qué* never changes for number, but *cuál* does.
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4Which one is always correct, in every Spanish-speaking country?
Answer
¿Qué libro quieres? — *Qué* before a noun is safe everywhere. *¿Cuál libro?* is normal in Peru and across Latin America but avoided in Spain.
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5¿___ hora es?
Answer
Qué — This is a fixed expression and it is always *qué hora*. It is the one place where the definition test does not help you.
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6Which question asks someone to pick between the coffee and the juice?
Answer
¿Cuál prefieres, el café o el jugo? — *Cuál* is for selecting from a set, and here the set is named out loud. *¿Qué prefieres?* opens the field to anything.
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7¿___ es la capital del Perú?
Answer
Cuál — One specific piece of information out of a known set, so *cuál*. *¿Qué es la capital?* would be asking what a capital city is.